Flowchart

Below is the flow chart used to determine intermolecular and intramolecular forces:

Hint: If the bond is ionic, the bond contains ions. If it does not, it is covalent.

Example:

KBr contains ions --> No polar molecules --> Ionic bonding 

Helpful links:

• Intermolecular vs intramolecular forces
• How to tell if a molecule is polar
• Ionic or covalent?
• Intermolecular forces practice quiz

Phase Change Diagrams

Pressure and Temperature

• Triple point- point at which the solid, liquid and vapor states that all have the same vapor pressure coexist
• Critical temperature- the temperature above which the vapor cannot be liquefied regardless of the pressure applied
• Critical pressure- the pressure required to liquefy the vapor at the critical temperature
• Critical point- point at which the critical temperature and critical pressure coincide

Temperaure

 Helpful links:

• Phase diagrams
• Phase diagrams video

Biodiesel Video Project

     We have started filming our project for the biodiesel project! Our video is going to be my partner drawing on a white board with voiceovers explaining the benefits of biodiesel. It is not a super creative concept, but neither my partner or I are very creative and with the tight deadline, we did not want to try and do something completely out of the box that may fail miserably. Also, both of us are not advnaced with using iMovie, the editting program we are using, but it is fairly easy to figure out as we go along. Below is a snippet of the opening of our video.

Tips for iMovie

Biodiesel lab

     We made our own biodiesel in lab today. We did this by taking dirty oil from a fast food restaurant and mixing it with a base solution. We let the solution sit overnight and let the contents separate into the two distinct layers seen below. We then took a micropipette and slowly placed our biodiesel into a separate cup which is seen in the third picture.

Biodiesel after separation

Leftover biodiesel

Our biodiesel and biodiesel candle

Biodiesel Project

    Today we started our initial research of biodiesel. I did not know much about this topic, so I found the research interesting. Who knew all of the benefits to using biodiesel?

Below are links to some websites we found useful to our research:

• Alternative Fuels Data Center
• What is biodiesel?
• How is biodiesel made?

About the contest

Night Before the Test

     I feel like I have prepared well for the test because I have reviewed notes and completeted the practice tests and worksheets available for test prep online. I feel like I am extra worried about this test because there is no quiz, so this test will make an even larger impact on my grade. I feel like tomorrow should not be that bad though. Hopefully I am not proved wrong.

For those still needing to study, check out the links below:

• Formal charge practice
• Drawing lewis dot structures
• Resonance structures
• Molecular shape and geometry
• Molecular shape and geometry practice quiz
• Bond polarity

Bond Polarity

     When a bond between 2 or more elements is formed, there may be a slight pull of the electrons in the bond toward the more electronegative element which results in a polar molecule. Today we learned how to determine whether or not a bond is polar.

     In the molecule above, flourine (F) has the greatest electronegativity which can be found on the periodic table. Because of this, the electrons are pulled toward it and cause an unequal distribution of charge. F has a slightly negative charge as noted by delta minus because is has to negatively charged electrons closer to it. This unequal distribution in charge causes a dipole moment, which is represented by the arrow above the molecule as shown above, The dipole moment points towards the more electronegative atom. In a molecule containing a single bond is automatically polar if it has a dipole moment, like the HF molecule shown above. Dipole moments do not always mean polar in molecules involving multiple bonds, however.

     For example, the CO2 molecule contains dipole moments but is not considered polar. The oxygens are the more electronegative atoms, so the dipoles point outwards. These 2 dipoles are in the completely opposite directions, so they cancel each other out, making the molecule nonpolar.